COMUNICAREA ÎN LIMBA MODERNĂ,
CURS DE ENGLEZA PENTRU INCEPATORI ,
PARTEA IX
Verbe care nu se folosesc la aspectul continuu
1)Verbe de perceptie: to feel, to hear, to notice, to see, to smell, totaste
2)Verbe care exprima o activitate mintala: to agree, to believe, todistrust, to doubt, to find, to foresee, to forget, to guess, to imagine, to know, to mean, to mind, to remember, to recognize, to recollect, to regard, to suppose, to think (that) , to trust, to understand
3)Verbe care exprima o dorinta: to desire, to intend, to want, towish, etc.
4)Verbe care exprima o posesie: to belong, to have, to hold, tokeep, to owe, to own, to possess
5)Verbe care exprima atitudini, sentimente, stari emotionale: toabhor, to adore, to detest, to dislike, to displease, to like, to love, to hate, to please, to prefer, etc.
6)Verbe care exprima o stare, o conditie: to appear, to be, toconsist(of), to contain, to differ, to deserve, to equal, to exist, to resemble, to seem, to
suit
suit
Semnificatia semnelor "+" si "-" este: "+" inseamna ca se foloseste la aspectul continuu, "-" inseamna contrarul.
to see | - to perceive | |||
+ to meet, to visit, to interview | ||||
to expect - to hope , to believe+ to wait for
to think
to have
- - to believe, to give an opinion
- + to think of / about
- - to possess
- + to take a bath, a shower, lunch, breakfast
- + a face pe cineva sa faca ceva pentru tine(verb cauzativ)
Ex: I’m having my house painted
to be
- - to exist
- + comportare temporara
Ex: You are being rude today
Ordinea cuvintelor in propozitie este:
S+P+CD/CI+CM+CL+CT
The Subjunctive A.The synthetical subjunctive
1.The Present Subjunctive
- Este identic cu infinitivul scurt al verbului, este socotit vechi, pretentios si nu se foloseste in limba contemporana
- Apare in urari(expresii fixe)
Far be it from me! (departe demine)
Heaven
Be that as it may!
Suffice it to say that...
Good bye!(God be with you!)
God forgive/bless you!
Apare dupa impresii impersonale
It is natural that they should come!
It is natural that they come.
Dupa advise, to recommend...should
They suggest that he should read. They suggest him to read.
They suggest that he read.
2.The Past Present Subjunctive
- Identic cu Past Tense –ul verbului (to be/were)
- Apare dupa constructii ipotetice
- In conditional tip II
3.The Past Perfect Subjunctive
- Apare dupa wish, if only, as if, as thought, even if, even thought
B.The Analythical Subjunctive
- Format dintr-un verb modal(shall, should, would, may, mught, could)
- Este mai des folosit si apare atat in propozitia secundara cat si in propozitia principala.
Shall+infinitiv
- Prozitia principalaPropozitia secundaraShall I help you? (oferta)Amenintare (informalenglish)
Should+infinitiv
Propozitia principala
Why should I go there?
Propozitia secundara
In conditional tip I si II
Dupa constructii ipotetice
In completiva directa
In propozitia de scop
May/might+infinitiv
Propozitia principala
exprima o urare:
May all your dreams come true!
Oh, that they might win!
Propozitia secundara
Dupa constructii impersonale: it is/was possible, probable, likely
In propozitia concesiva
In propozitia de scop
Would+infinitiv
In propozitia secundara dupa wish si if only
Could+infinitiv
Exprima scopul ca o alternativa a lui may/might, could avand un grad mai mare de siguranta
I studied so that I might pass the exam (but I didn’t). I studied so that I could pass the exam (I am a student).
Modal verbs
Conceptul de capacitate, posibilitate, necesitate sau obligatie este redat de asa numitele "modal auxiliary verbs" : can, could, shall, should, must, need, ought to, used to, dare.
- Nu au infinitiv lung
- Nu primesc "s" la persoana a III a singular prezent simplu
- Nu primesc "-ing"
- Verbele care urmeaza sunt la infinitiv scurt; excceptie: used to, ought to
- Nu au toate timpurile si modurile unui verb normal, de aceea unele au echivalenti
- Formeaza interogativul prin inversiune; negativul + not
Can-could to be able to
May-might (numai in Indirect Speech)to be allowed to; to be permited to
Must to have to
Verbe modale (click pe link-uri)
Direct-Indirect Speech
- Daca in propozitia principala verbul to say, to tell, etc.(reported verbes) sunt la prezent, in propozitia secundara (completiva directa) se pune orice timp cerut de inteles.
- Daca reported verbs sunt la trecut in completiva directa au loc schimbari la nivel de pronume, adverb si verb
Pronume | |||||||||
I | he/she | ||||||||
we | they | ||||||||
my | his/her | ||||||||
our | their | ||||||||
this | that | ||||||||
these | those | ||||||||
Adverb | |||||||||
Here | there | ||||||||
Now | then | ||||||||
Today | that day | ||||||||
Tonight | that night | ||||||||
Tomorrow
Yesterday
Ago
Next
the day after tomorrow
the day before yesterday
the next day
the following day
the day before
the previous day
before
the next
in two day time
two days before
Verb | ||||
Present simple | Past simple | |||
Present continuous | Past continuous | |||
Present perfect | Past perfect | |||
Past tense | Past perfect | |||
Futur | Futur in the past | |||
NOTA: prezentul simplu poate ramane neschimbat atunci candexprima un adevar general valabil sau o actiune valabila si in prezent.
NOTA: Ifpoate fi inlocuit cuwhetheratunci cand exprima oindoiala sau posibilitatea unei alegeri.
Ex: ’Shall I help you?’ he said. He said whether I should help him.
NOTA: Intrebarile...
- ‘Do you speak english?’ he asked. He asked me if I spoke english.
- ‘How are you?’ she said. She said how I was.
NOTA: imperativul culet :
I Let me go!
Singular
II Go!
III Let him/her/it go!
"Good morning!" | | She greeted me | ||||
| ||||||
She wished me a... | ||||||
"Liar!" | | She called me a liar. | ||||
"Damn!" | | She swore... | ||||
NOTA: Conditional tip II si III raman neschimbate.
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